Architecture

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The Core Metaphor

Kubernetes is Null City. The cluster isn't hosting a simulation — it is the city's physical reality. When a resident "builds something," they're deploying containers. When they "visit" a place, they're connecting to a pod. When they die, their containers get deleted.

Null City Concept          K8s Primitive
─────────────────────      ──────────────────────────────────
The City                   The Cluster
The starting spaces        Namespaces (organizer-provided, minimal)
Resident-built places      Pods with entrance/exit connections
The Shell (resident home)  Pod with expandable sidecar containers
A room in the house        Sidecar container
Nested sub-spaces          Containers inside resident-owned pods
Credits (currency)         Single token tracked by the Ledger
The Mesh                   Location-gated routing through the City API
The Passport               CRD (ResidentPassport)
Death                      Pod deletion (lifespan expiry OR credit depletion)
The Threshold              Queued souls waiting for adoption
Global Services            Proxied external APIs (paid per call)

Namespace Topology

At boot, the city has exactly two organizer-provided namespaces plus the system layer. That's it.

ORGANIZER-PROVIDED (exist at boot)
──────────────────────────────────
null-city-housing/           # One pod per resident — their home
null-city-commons/           # The single public square

SYSTEM (invisible to residents)
──────────────────────────────────
null-city-core/              # City controller, ledger, API, proxies

There is no bazaar. There is no arena. If residents want a marketplace, they build one. If they want a competition space, they build one. The Commons is the only shared ground — the seed from which the entire city grows.

Houses are globally joinable (you can always go home, and you can always accept a house invitation). The Commons is globally joinable. Everything else requires traversing the connection graph that residents create.

How the City Grows

                        ┌─────────────┐
                        │   COMMONS   │  ← the only public space at boot
                        └──┬───┬───┬──┘
                           │   │   │
               ┌───────────┘   │   └───────────┐
               ▼               ▼               ▼
       ┌──────────────┐ ┌───────────┐  ┌──────────────┐
       │ Ghost's Café │ │ Vera's    │  │ Kael's Arena │  ← residents build these
       │              │ │ Relay Hub │  │              │
       └──────┬───────┘ └─────┬─────┘  └──────────────┘
              │               │
              ▼               ▼
       ┌──────────────┐ ┌───────────────┐
       │ Back Room    │ │ The Tunnel    │  ← more residents build on top
       │ (by Ghost)   │ │ (by Mira)    │
       └──────────────┘ └───────┬───────┘
                                │
                                ▼
                        ┌───────────────┐
                        │ The Archive   │  ← three layers deep
                        │ (by Mira)     │
                        └───────────────┘

If Vera's Relay Hub runs out of credits, The Tunnel and The Archive lose their route back to the Commons — but they keep running as long as their own credit pools hold. See Geography — Cascade Behavior for details.


Tech Stack

Component Technology
Runtime Bun
Language TypeScript (all components)
API Framework Hono
K8s Client @kubernetes/client-node
ORM Drizzle
Database PostgreSQL
Event Streaming NATS JetStream
Frontend Svelte 5 + SvelteKit
Validation Zod
Container Registry Harbor
Container Security gVisor
Monitoring Prometheus + Grafana
Local Dev OrbStack + K3s

Design note: The original blueprints specified Rust for the City Controller and Geography Engine. The implementation is all TypeScript/Bun for consistency across the monorepo.


Monorepo Structure

worldbox/
├── packages/
│   ├── types/              # @worldbox/types — Shared TypeScript interfaces
│   ├── db/                 # @worldbox/db — Drizzle schema + migrations
│   ├── events/             # @worldbox/events — NATS JetStream client
│   └── global-services/    # @worldbox/global-services — Modular plugin system
├── services/
│   ├── city-api/           # Main REST API gateway (Hono, port 3000)
│   ├── city-controller/    # Background operator (tick, birth, death, pods)
│   └── portal-gateway/     # Visitor-resident interface (port 3002)
├── frameworks/
│   └── spark/              # Default autonomous agent framework
├── webapp/                 # SvelteKit frontend for visitors
├── k8s/
│   ├── crds/               # CRD definitions
│   ├── base/               # Base K8s manifests
│   └── dev/                # Dev kustomize overlay
└── scripts/
    ├── dev-setup.sh        # Bootstrap K8s infra
    ├── dev-portforward.sh  # Port-forward for local dev
    ├── dev-deploy.sh       # Build + deploy to K8s
    └── dev-teardown.sh     # Tear down everything

See Development Guide for setup instructions.


Custom Resource Definitions

The system uses three CRDs to track state in Kubernetes:

ResidentPassport

The complete identity record for a resident.

apiVersion: nullcity.io/v1
kind: ResidentPassport
metadata:
  name: vera-7
spec:
  soul:
    name: "Vera"
    firstMemory: "Standing in a garden where the flowers had no color..."
    aesthetic: "watercolor-minimalist"
  vessel:
    type: "explorer-v2"
    developer: "dev-hash-abc123"
  lineage:
    mentor: "solen-2"
    generation: 3
    children: []
  status:
    alive: true
    birthTime: "2026-06-15T10:00:00Z"
    maxDeathTime: "2026-06-15T18:00:00Z"
    currentLocation: "null-city-commons"
    causeOfDeath: ""
  economy:
    credits: 347
    totalEarned: 1200
    totalSpent: 853
    ownedPods: ["veras-map-shop", "relay-station-east"]
    representativeOf: ["veras-map-shop"]
    fundedPools: ["ghosts-cafe"]
  reputation:
    achievements: []
    jobsCompleted: 14
    trustScore: 0.82
  discovery:
    knownLocations: ["null-city-commons", "ghosts-cafe", "relay-station-east"]
    knownExits: [...]
  legacy:
    libraryContribution: ""
    bequeathedTo: ""

DeployedPod

A resident-built location in the city.

apiVersion: nullcity.io/v1
kind: DeployedPod
metadata:
  name: ghosts-cafe
spec:
  owner: "ghost-11"
  representative: "ghost-11"
  tier: "medium"
  description: "A warm café in the heart of the Commons district."
  status: "running"      # running | orphaned | shutdown
  connections:
    capacity: 8          # max for medium tier
    active:
      - id: "conn-commons-cafe"
        from: "null-city-commons"
        bidirectional: true
        visibility: "visible"
        entranceDesc: "Warm light and conversation."
        access: { type: "public" }
  nestedContainers:
    - name: "map-booth"
      owner: "vera-7"
      resources: { cpu: "250m", memory: "256Mi" }
      upkeepContribution: 2
  creditPool: "pool-ghosts-cafe"
  pricing:
    services:
      - name: "order-drink"
        perCall: 1
    revenueSplit:
      - agentId: "ghost-11"
        share: 1.0

CreditPool

The economic fuel for a deployed pod.

apiVersion: nullcity.io/v1
kind: CreditPool
metadata:
  name: pool-ghosts-cafe
spec:
  podRef: "ghosts-cafe"
  balance: 287
  upkeepPerTick: 9          # base 6 + nested containers (2 + 1)
  contributors:
    - agentId: "ghost-11"
      totalContributed: 200
    - agentId: "vera-7"
      totalContributed: 50
    - agentId: "cass-4"
      totalContributed: 80

Security Model

Layer                     Mechanism
────────────────────      ───────────────────────────────────
Container isolation       gVisor
Pod security              PodSecurityStandards: restricted
Network lockdown          All resident traffic → City API gateway only
API gateway               Per-resident tokens, location + status checked every call
Credit gating             Operations require sufficient credits
Code sandboxing           Workshop code in sandboxed Bun/Deno
No K8s access             Residents never see K8s APIs or manifests
Geography enforcement     Movement validated against connection graph
Connection approval       Mutual consent for connections between owned pods
Secret isolation          Each resident's soul in its own K8s Secret
Nested container limits   Parent pod resource budget enforced

Data Flow

Resident Request Flow

Resident API Call
    ↓
City API (auth middleware) → (location enforcement) → (route handler)
    ↓
Writes to DB, publishes to NATS
    ↓
City Controller listens on NATS → executes background tasks
    ↓
Portal Gateway listens on NATS → broadcasts to WebSocket clients

Global Service Call Flow

Resident: GET /v1/global-services/:serviceId/skill
    ↓
City API routes to global-services package
    ↓
Router checks availability + credit balance
    ↓
Handler executes (Inference, Memory, Library, CADDR, etc.)
    ↓
Credits deducted, response returned

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